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The Roman Temple of Évora ((ポルトガル語:Templo romano de Évora)), also referred to as the ''Templo de Diana'' (albeit wrongly, after Diana, the ancient Roman goddess of the moon, the hunt, and chastity) is an ancient temple in the Portuguese city of Évora (civil parish of Sé e São Pedro). The temple is part of the historical centre of the city, which was included in the classification by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It represents one of the most significant landmarks relating to the Roman and Lusitania civilizations of Évora, in Portuguese territory. ==History== The temple is believed to have been constructed around the first century A.D.,〔Theodor Hauschild (1988)〕 in homage to Augustus who was venerated as a god during and after his rule. The temple was built in the main public square (forum) of Évora, then called ''Liberatias Iulia''.〔〔 During the 2nd and 3rd centuries, from the traditionally accepted chronology, the temple was part of a radical redefinition of the urban city, when the religious veneration and administrative polity was oriented around the central space: the structure was modified around this time.〔〔 The temple was destroyed during the 5th century by invading Germanic peoples.〔〔 During the 14th century, the temple's space served as a stronghouse for the town's castle, while Fernão Lopes described the structure in shambles.〔 In 1467, King Afonso V of Portugal authorized Soeiro Mendes to remove stones from the structure for building purposes and defense.〔 The ruins of the temple were incorporated into a tower of the Castle of Évora during the Middle Ages. The base, columns and architraves of the temple were kept embedded in the walls of the medieval building; the temple-turned-tower was used as a butcher shop〔 from the 14th century until 1836: this new use of the temple structure helped preserve its remains from complete destruction.〔〔 In the 16th century Manueline foral (''charter'') the temple is represented, during a period when oral tradition suggested that the temple was attributed to Quintus Sertorius the famous Lusitanian general (and perpetuated by paladins André de Resende and Mendes de Vasconcelos).〔 It was in the 17th century that the first references to the ''Temple of Diana'', created by Father Manuel Fialho, began to appear.〔〔 Although the Roman temple of Évora is often called Temple of Diana, any association with the Roman goddess of hunt stems not from archaeology but from a legend created in the 17th century by the Portuguese priest. Other interpretations suggest that it might have been dedicated to Jupiter, the Roman equivalent of Zeus.〔 The first reconstitution of the temple appeared occurred in 1789 by James Murphy (in 1789).〔 By the beginning of the 19th century, the structure still had the pydramidal merlons typical of the post-Reconquista Arabic structures around the colonnade.〔〔 In 1836 it ceased being a butchershop.〔〔 In 1840, Cunha Rivara, then director of the Public Library of Évora, obtained the right to dispose of the buildings annexed to the monument from the Portuguese Inquisition, which were annexed to the northern façade of the temple.〔 These structures were demolished, and the first great archaeological excavation was undertaken in Portugal.〔〔 The resulting survey uncovered tanks of a primitive aqueduct.〔 The stress on the space had begun to reach its limits by 1863, when the ceiling was partially destroyed; the tanks unearthed in the early excavation were also partially destroyed during expansion and landscaping of the main square.〔 By 1869, Augusto Filipe Simões proposed the urgent demolition of the medieval structures, defending the restoration of the primitive face of the Roman temple.〔〔 Three years later, under the direction of Italian architect Giuseppe Cinatti, the vestiges of the medieval structures were finally removed, and a program of restoration was executed following the Romanticism of the period.〔〔〔 On the 1 June 1992, the Portuguese Institute of Architectural Patrimony ((ポルトガル語:Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico)) became responsible for conservancy of the monument.〔 Following a 13 September 1992 publication (DR176, 2ª Série, Declaração de rectificação de anúncio n.º281/2011), a public tender was issued for proposals relative the Roman temple and area surrounding it.〔 Between 1989 and 1994 new excavations in the vicinity of the temple, under the supervision of the German archeologist Theodor Hauschild were completed.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Temple of Évora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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